Objective: The National Farmer's Federation in Australia requested a seasonal forecast for the spring season (September to November) based on the latest forecast (early August 2016). Rural activity in Australia is affected significantly by the El-Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO) and/or the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the two key drivers of Australia's climate. To learn more about IOD the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) produced a schematic illustration of the IOD and its impact on Australia's weather.
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The BoM makes available to the public updates of the Indian Ocean Dipole Index (see below). The index is the difference of area average SSTs between two regions in the Indian Ocean. Identify what is the current (July 2016) phase of IOD.
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