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Introduction to the course Erland Källén / Students
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| This session describes the representation of subgrid-scale variability of humidity, cloud and precipitation and how this can be parametrized in atmospheric models. By the end of the session you should be able to: • recognise the reasons for representing the subgrid variability of humidity and cloud in an atmospheric model • explain how the key quantity of cloud fraction is related to subgrid heterogeneity assumptions • describe the different types of subgrid cloud parametrization schemes. |
Richard Forbes TC2016_Forbes_L2_cloud_coldphase.pptx | | Expand |
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| title | Land Surface (2):Snow |
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| This session will have two mains components: - An overview of the role of snow in the climate system from observations, models and forecasts.
- Description of the current representation of snow in the ECMWF model, evaluation examples and ongoing developments.
By the end of the session, the students should be able: - Identify the main processes associated with snow in the climate system
- Describe the main components of the snow scheme in the ECMWF model
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Emanuel Dutra pa_surf_2_cold_20160518.pptx | | Expand |
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| title | Land Surface (3): Surface Energy, Water Cycle |
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| By the end of the session, the students should be able: - relate flux and storage
- recognise land surface predictors and land diagnostic quantities
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Gianpaolo Balsamo surf2.pptx | | Expand |
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| title | Parametrization and Data Assimilation |
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| This three-hour lecture will start by explaining the role and main ingredients of data assimilation in general. The widely used framework of variational data assimilation will then be gradually introduced. The challenges associated with the necessary inclusion of physical parametrizations in the data assimilation process will be highlighted. The concept of adjoint model as well as the techniques to derive it will be introduced. The importance of the linearity constraint in 4D-Var and the methods to address it will be detailed. The set of linearized physical parametrizations used at ECMWF will then be briefly presented. Finally, various examples of the use of physical parametrizations in variational data assimilation and its impact on weather forecast quality will be given. By the end of the session, the students should be able: • to name the main ingredients of a data assimilation system. • to tell why physical parametrizations are needed in data assimilation. • to identify the role of the adjoint code in 4D-Var. • to recognize the importance of the regularization of the linearized code. |
Philippe Lopez TC_PA_lopez_2016_main.ppt
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| This module aims to introduce the fundamentals of radiative transfer theory and its role within the global atmospheric circulation. The lectures will also cover the techniques of numerical modelling of the radiative transfer equations in global-circulation models with a particular focus on the code in use in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. By the end of the session students should be able to: • Identify the key processes controlling the atmospheric radiative balance • Recognize the role of the radiative transfer in the Earth energy balance • Estimate the impact of changes in the radiative parameterizations on climate Additional outcomes: • Develop skills in data analysis and numerical modelling |
Robin Hogan hogan_ecmwf_radiation_lecture1.pptx | | Expand |
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| Convection affects all atmospheric scales. Therefore, the convection session aims to provide a deeper understanding of the atmospheric general circulation and its interaction with convective heating and vertical transports. The notions and techniques acquired during the course should be useful for developers of convective parametrizations, forecasters and for analysing ouput from high-resolution convection resolving models. By the end of the session you should become familiarised with • the interaction between the large-scale circulation and the convection including radiative-convective equilibrium and convectively-coupled large-scale waves • the notion of convective adjustment and the mass flux concept in particular • the basic concepts behind the ECMWF convection parametrization and some useful numerical tricks • forecasting convection including convective systems and the diurnal cycle • diagnose forecast errors related to convection. |
Peter Bechtold CONVECTION_T1_2016.ppt
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| This module aims to introduce the fundamentals of radiative transfer theory and its role within the global atmospheric circulation. The lectures will also cover the techniques of numerical modelling of the radiative transfer equations in global-circulation models with a particular focus on the code in use in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. By the end of the session students should be able to: • Identify the key processes controlling the atmospheric radiative balance • Recognize the role of the radiative transfer in the Earth energy balance • Estimate the impact of changes in the radiative parameterizations on climate Additional outcomes: • Develop skills in data analysis and numerical modelling |
Robin Hogan hogan_ecmwf_radiation_lecture2.pptx | | Expand |
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| Convection affects all atmospheric scales. Therefore, the convection session aims to provide a deeper understanding of the atmospheric general circulation and its interaction with convective heating and vertical transports. The notions and techniques acquired during the course should be useful for developers of convective parametrizations, forecasters and for analysing ouput from high-resolution convection resolving models. By the end of the session you should become familiarised with • the interaction between the large-scale circulation and the convection including radiative-convective equilibrium and convectively-coupled large-scale waves • the notion of convective adjustment and the mass flux concept in particular • the basic concepts behind the ECMWF convection parametrization and some useful numerical tricks • forecasting convection including convective systems and the diurnal cycle • diagnose forecast errors related to convection. |
Peter Bechtold CONVECTION_T3_2016.ppt
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| title | Numerics of Parameterization |
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| This short lecture is an introduction to the questions of time splitting and process splitting in a numerical weather prediction model and to the problems resulting from the interaction of different numerical solvers inside the same model. After this introduction, you should • be fully aware that each parametrisation is only a small part of a much larger system, usually one term in the full system of equations which needs to be solved by the forecast model, • remember, when working on your own parametrisation(s), that parametrisations are also subject to the constraints imposed by numerical analysis and algorithmic, as is the solver in the dynamical core. |
Sylvie Malardel PDC_2016.pdf |
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| This session gives a theoretical introduction of the planetary boundary layer, including its definition, classification, notions about turbulence within the boundary layer, differences between clear and cloudy boundary layers, and equations used to describe the mean state in a numerical model. Expected outcomes: • understand what is the boundary layer, its characteristics and why it is important to study it and represent it correctly in numerical models • understand the difference between the various boundary layer types |
Irina Sandu pbl1_is_2016.pdf
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| This module aims to introduce the fundamentals of radiative transfer theory and its role within the global atmospheric circulation. The lectures will also cover the techniques of numerical modelling of the radiative transfer equations in global-circulation models with a particular focus on the code in use in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. By the end of the session students should be able to: • Identify the key processes controlling the atmospheric radiative balance • Recognize the role of the radiative transfer in the Earth energy balance • Estimate the impact of changes in the radiative parameterizations on climate Additional outcomes: • Develop skills in data analysis and numerical modelling |
Alessio Bozzo
Bozzo_Radiation_Lecture3.pptx
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| Convection affects all atmospheric scales. Therefore, the convection session aims to provide a deeper understanding of the atmospheric general circulation and its interaction with convective heating and vertical transports. The notions and techniques acquired during the course should be useful for developers of convective parametrizations, forecasters and for analysing ouput from high-resolution convection resolving models. By the end of the session you should become familiarised with • the interaction between the large-scale circulation and the convection including radiative-convective equilibrium and convectively-coupled large-scale waves • the notion of convective adjustment and the mass flux concept in particular • the basic concepts behind the ECMWF convection parametrization and some useful numerical tricks • forecasting convection including convective systems and the diurnal cycle • diagnose forecast errors related to convection. |
Peter Bechtold CONVECTION_T2_2016.ppt
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| Building on the previous two Cloud sessions, the practical implementation of a cloud parametrization is described, using the ECMWF global model as an example appropriate for global weather forecasting. By the end of the session you should be able to: • explain the key sources and sinks of cloud and precipitation required in a parametrization • describe the main components of the ECMWF stratiform cloud parametrization • recognise the limitations of approximating complex processes. |
Richard Forbes TC2016_Forbes_L3_cloud_subgrid.pptx
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| title | Model Evaluation: Clouds and Boundary Layer |
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| This session will give an overview of techniques and data sources used for the verification of the boundary layer scheme. We will use examples from the IFS to explore how verification methods can help to identify systematic errors in the model's boundary layer parameterization, and guide future model development. By the end of this session you should be able to: • Identify data sources and products suitable for BL verification • Recognize the strengths and limitations of the verification strategies discussed • Choose a suitable verification method to investigate model errors in boundary layer height, transport and cloudiness. |
Maike Ahlgrimm CldPblVeri2016.ppt
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| This session gives a brief overview of cloud parametrization issues and an understanding of the basic microphysics of liquid, ice and mixed phase cloud and precipitation processes. By the end of the session you should be able to: • recall the basic concepts for the design of a cloud parametrization • describe the key microphysical processes in the atmosphere • recognize the important microphysical processes that need to be parametrized in a global NWP model. |
Richard Forbes TC2016_Forbes_L1_cloud_warmphase.pptx | | Expand |
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| This session focuses on representation of the surface layer, i.e. the layer between the surface and the first model level. More particularly, it explains how the surface fluxes are parametrized, and it gives insights on the representation of the surfaces roughness lengths which are one of the crucial aspects of the formulation of the surface fluxes. Expected outcomes: • be aware of the difficulties related to the representation of the surface layer in a numerical model • understand how the surface fluxes are parametrized |
Irina Sandu pbl2_is_new.pdf | | Expand |
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| This session explains the different approaches used in numerical models to parametrize the turbulent mixing taking place at the subgrid scale, above the surface layer. Various turbulence closures are presented before describing closure currently used in the ECMWF model. Expected outcomes: • understand what a turbulence closure is and what are the types of closures encountered in numerical models • have an overview of the parameterization of turbulent mixing in the ECMWF model |
Irina Sandu pbl3_is_2016.pdf
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| title | Parametrization and Data Assimilation |
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| This three-hour lecture will start by explaining the role and main ingredients of data assimilation in general. The widely used framework of variational data assimilation will then be gradually introduced. The challenges associated with the necessary inclusion of physical parametrizations in the data assimilation process will be highlighted. The concept of adjoint model as well as the techniques to derive it will be introduced. The importance of the linearity constraint in 4D-Var and the methods to address it will be detailed. The set of linearized physical parametrizations used at ECMWF will then be briefly presented. Finally, various examples of the use of physical parametrizations in variational data assimilation and its impact on weather forecast quality will be given. By the end of the session, the students should be able: • to name the main ingredients of a data assimilation system. • to tell why physical parametrizations are needed in data assimilation. • to identify the role of the adjoint code in 4D-Var. • to recognize the importance of the regularization of the linearized code. |
Philippe Lopez
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| title | Parameterization of Sub-grid Orography |
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| On the basis of simple gravity wave theory, the concepts of sub-grib turbulent form drag, flow blocking, and gravity wave excitation will be introduced. The ECMWF formulations will be described, and the impact will be discussed. By the end of the session students should be able to: • Describe the relevant physical mechanisms related to sub-grid orography that have impact on flow in the atmosphere. • Describe the impact of sub-grid orography. |
Anton Beljaars subgrid_orography_2016.ppt
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| title | Land Surface (1): Introduction |
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| By the end of the session students should be able to: - recognise land elements relevant to weather,
- review land modelling strategies to heterogeneity
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Gianpaolo Balsamo surf1.pptx | Introduction to the Single Column Model Filip Vana Lecture2016.pdf
Radiation exercises Alessio Bozzo and Robin Hogan | Land Surface exercises Gianpaolo Balsama and Emanuel Dutra
| Boundary Layer & Cloud exercises Irina Sandu, Maike Ahlgrimm and Richard Forbes | Moist Processes Exercises Richard Forbes and Peter Bechtold
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Moist Processes Games Richard Forbes and Peter Bechtold | Radiation exercises Alessio Bozzo and Robin Hogan | Land Surface exercises Gianpaolo Balsama and Emanuel Dutra | Boundary Layer & Cloud exercises Irina Sandu, Maike Ahlgrimm and Richard Forbes | Course wrap up and certificates |