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Modelling ocean surfaces

The majority of the surface of the earth is ocean and therefore the ocean/atmosphere interface is very important.  The wave model (ECWAM) provides information on sea-surface roughness and hence momentum loss in the boundary layer flow. The dynamic ocean model (NEMO) provides information on the sea-surface temperature.  Changes in these parameters as the forecast progresses impact strongly on monthly or seasonal forecasting.  This is particularly important with respect to El Niño/La Nina (ENSO) or other similar developments.

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