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In general, analysis of IFS model performance suggests:
- CONTROL-10/HRES errors in forecast positions of tropical cyclones are on average less than 200 km at Day3 and less than 350 km at Day5.
- Broadly, the IFS models tend on average to move tropical cyclones rather too slowly (by about 1-2 km h-1).
- Strike probabilities seem to be a little high. This applies to TCs in existence at T+0, but in in view of some conflicting results this topic is currently undergoing further investigation (Nov 18). ECMWF plans to start verifying the 'activity' product soon.
- The IFS models handle rapid intensification of tropical cyclones rather poorly. It is quite common to see an under-estimate of the speed of intensification during periods of intensification.
- CONTROL-10/HRES errors in central pressure are erratic. They have a relatively small average bias though tend to over-deepen the central pressure. The ENS Control run is generally not deep enough by around 15 hPa.
- There is on average an under-estimation of maximum winds in the circulation, particular during periods of rapid intensification.
- Results are mixed regarding genesis of tropical cyclones:
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Fig8.1.10.3.2: IFS model forecast location error of tropical cyclones (CONTROL-10/HRES - blue; Ensemble Mean (EM) - Yellow) and ENS spread (Red dots). The diagram indicates that in 2016 the average location error and spread at:
- Day3: CONTROL-10/HRES location error about 180km; EM location error about 190km; ENS spread about 190km.
- Day5: CONTROL-10/HRES location error about 340km; EM location error about 320km; ENS spread about 310km.
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Fig8.1.10.3.3: An illustration of what can happen when the model resolution is increased. CONTROL-10/HRES model performance Aug-Nov 2015 using test runs (~9km resolution - Red; ~16km resolution - Blue), both without ocean coupling. On average, ~9km resolution forecast location error is slightly better to about Day5 but marginally worse from Day5 to Day7. However, beyond about Day5 the low sample size makes statistics unreliable and ~9km resolution is unlikely to be significantly different to ~16km resolution. Users should note that this diagram is included to illustrate that resolution changes have a significant impact.
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- the threat area in eastern USA is broadened.
- there is less chance that the hurricane track will curve northwards off the eastern seaboard.
- the southern flank of the threat extends southward into Florida.
- CONTROL-10/HRES (and ENS mean) make more progress westwards into USA.
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