Page History

...

The dynamic ocean model used for medium-range and seasonal forecasts of ocean structure is the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO).  It is coupled with all IFS forecast models (HRES, ENS, Extended-range and Seasonal forecast models).  NEMO is a three-dimensional general circulation ocean model and can reproduce the general features of the circulation and the thermal structure of the ocean and their seasonal and inter-annual variations.

...

• the atmosphere affects the ocean through its wind, heat and net exchange of moisture by precipitation and/or evaporation
• the ocean affects the atmosphere through its sea-surface temperature, ocean surface current and ice concentration.
  

The HRES and ENS use the atmosphere-wave-ocean coupling framework from the start of the forecast.  This is because it is important to capture two-way feedback between the atmosphere and the sea-surface temperatures, sea-ice extent and ocean waves (e.g. a slow-moving tropical cyclone can cool the sea surface).  

...