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Climate models calculates the evolution of the state of the climate system over time in relatively short time steps (minutes to hours) on a spatial grid with grid spacing of tens to hundreds of kilometers.
In some more detail, climate models produce output data for a number of variables describing the state of the atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, air pressure and wind speed. These variables are calculated prognostically at a large number of vertical levels. In addition, a number of fluxes are calculated including fluxes of momentum, energy, humidity in the atmosphere and between the atmosphere and the surface that can be either ground or ocean. Also, a number of sub-grid scale features, including cloud properties, radiation processes, precipitation processes are also calculated. such as cloud droplet number concentration and cloud water and cloud ice content. The amount of output data that is stored in the simulations may differ between different RCM groups. Most often, a minimum set of variables is stored in order to compare single RCM projections to others.
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