• SSW

• Early warning for cold spells over Europe

• EFI for atmospheric rivers

Early warning for cold spells over Europe

The ability to predict weeks ahead the onset of a period with severe temperature anomalies is closely linked with the ability to forecast accurately the time evolution of the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Therefore, reliable extended-range forecasts of flow patterns such the NAO and Blocking are instrumental for early warnings of severe cold events over Europe (Ferranti et al.. 2018) .

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