Interpolation of upper air u and v components of wind is affected by the changes to:
HRES - O1280
xxxx has been interpolated from the xxx target grid to regular lat-lon grids at different resolutions using EMOSLIB and MIR.
winds at 1000 hPa affected by::
- use by MIR of an intermediate full (regular) Gaussian grid at a resolution corresponding to the target lat-lon resolution for the spectral to grid transformation followed by grid-to-grid interpolation
- use by MIR of a more accurate truncation of the spectral series to correspond target grid resolution to avoid ripples from aliasing effects
HRES T1279
- For transformations to high resolution target grids (0.1x0.1 and 0.125x0.125) for which no spectral truncation occurs
- differences are at most +/-3.5m/s
- differences are smaller than +/-0.5m/s for more than 99% of grid points
These differences are due to the use of an intermediate Gaussian grid followed by grid-to-grid interpolation to the regular lat-lon grid - For transformations to lower resolution target grids
- the maximum and minimum differences are significantly larger.
- differences are smaller than xxx or more than 99% of grid points
- larger differences are due to sub-optimal default truncation of the spectral series used by EMOSLIB:
- EMOSLIB truncation=T799 for 0.25x0.25 where theoretical ideal used by MIR is truncation=T719
- EMOSLIB truncation=T319 for 0.5x0.5 where theoretical ideal used by MIR is truncation=T359
- EMOSLIB truncation=T213 for 1.0x1.0 where theoretical ideal used by MIR is truncation=T179
Consequently, fields produced by EMOSLIB are more affected by 'aliasing'
- The use of the intermediate grid with MIR generally produces smoother fields.
- For the cases shown here, differences between MIR and EMOSLIB generally lie between xxx
- In general, more than xxxx of points differ by less than xxx
- The largest differences occur close to the coasts and in areas of steep orography where the gradient of the field changes most rapidly
The plots show the differences with the contours chosen on a logarithmic scale to enhance the smaller differences. Grid points where the absolute difference is greater than 25% of the maximum absolute difference are indicated with red (EMOSLIB greater than MIR) and blue (EMOSLIB less than MIR) filled circles.
Target resolution | Parameter | Statistics of differences | Histogram of differences | Global | Europe |
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0.1x0.1 | u | Maximum difference = 2.019257 Minimum difference = -1.974884 Mean absolute difference = 0.040151 Median absolute difference = 0.022186 Standard deviation = 0.070667 RMS of differences = 0.070667 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 91.262% < 0.25 = 98.637% < 0.50 = 99.817% < 1.00 = 99.991% | -2.5 : -2.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) 0 ( 0.000000%) -2.0 : -1.5 - 17 ( 0.000262%) 17 ( 0.000262%) -1.5 : -1.0 - 226 ( 0.003486%) 226 ( 0.003486%) -1.0 : -0.5 - 5381 ( 0.082994%) 5381 ( 0.082994%) -0.5 : 0.0 - 3248347 ( 50.100978%) 3165179 ( 48.818234%) 0.0 : 0.5 - 3223408 ( 49.716330%) 3132650 ( 48.316522%) 0.5 : 1.0 - 5850 ( 0.090228%) 5850 ( 0.090228%) 1.0 : 1.5 - 350 ( 0.005398%) 350 ( 0.005398%) 1.5 : 2.0 - 20 ( 0.000308%) 20 ( 0.000308%) 2.0 : 2.5 - 1 ( 0.000015%) 1 ( 0.000015%) | | |
v | Maximum difference = 1.914169 Minimum difference = -1.721573 Mean absolute difference = 0.046585 Median absolute difference = 0.026260 Standard deviation = 0.078025 RMS of differences = 0.078025 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 88.455% < 0.25 = 98.182% < 0.50 = 99.827% < 1.00 = 99.996% | -2.0 : -1.5 - 10 ( 0.000154%) -1.5 : -1.0 - 125 ( 0.001928%) -1.0 : -0.5 - 5388 ( 0.083102%) -0.5 : 0.0 - 3203002 ( 49.401598%) 0.0 : 0.5 - 3269394 ( 50.425597%) 0.5 : 1.0 - 5532 ( 0.085323%) 1.0 : 1.5 - 134 ( 0.002067%) 1.5 : 2.0 - 15 ( 0.000231%)
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0.125x0.125 | u | Maximum difference = 2.638397 Minimum difference = -3.040314 Mean absolute difference = 0.059515 Median absolute difference = 0.031952 Standard deviation = 0.106560 RMS of differences = 0.106560 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 84.039% < 0.25 = 96.518% < 0.50 = 99.352% < 1.00 = 99.933% | -3.5 : -3.0 - 1 ( 0.000024%) 1 ( 0.000024%) -3.0 : -2.5 - 1 ( 0.000024%) 1 ( 0.000024%) -2.5 : -2.0 - 32 ( 0.000771%) 32 ( 0.000771%) -2.0 : -1.5 - 118 ( 0.002843%) 118 ( 0.002843%) -1.5 : -1.0 - 1033 ( 0.024891%) 1033 ( 0.024891%) -1.0 : -0.5 - 12236 ( 0.294838%) 12236 ( 0.294838%) -0.5 : 0.0 - 2066135 ( 49.785426%) 2027359 ( 48.851082%) 0.0 : 0.5 - 2057047 ( 49.566442%) 2013191 ( 48.509691%) 0.5 : 1.0 - 11895 ( 0.286621%) 11895 ( 0.286621%) 1.0 : 1.5 - 1363 ( 0.032843%) 1363 ( 0.032843%) 1.5 : 2.0 - 163 ( 0.003928%) 163 ( 0.003928%) 2.0 : 2.5 - 48 ( 0.001157%) 48 ( 0.001157%) 2.5 : 3.0 - 8 ( 0.000193%) 8 ( 0.000193%) 3.0 : 3.5 - 0 ( 0.000000%) 0 ( 0.000000%) | | |
v | Maximum difference = 2.837143 Minimum difference = -2.504654 Mean absolute difference = 0.069448 Median absolute difference = 0.038315 Standard deviation = 0.117622 RMS of differences = 0.117622 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 79.683% < 0.25 = 95.303% < 0.50 = 99.193% < 1.00 = 99.951% | -3.0 : -2.5 - 1 ( 0.000024%) -2.5 : -2.0 - 16 ( 0.000386%) -2.0 : -1.5 - 69 ( 0.001663%) -1.5 : -1.0 - 907 ( 0.021855%) -1.0 : -0.5 - 15802 ( 0.380764%) -0.5 : 0.0 - 2045563 ( 49.289725%) 0.0 : 0.5 - 2071008 ( 49.902845%) 0.5 : 1.0 - 15693 ( 0.378137%) 1.0 : 1.5 - 913 ( 0.022000%) 1.5 : 2.0 - 90 ( 0.002169%) 2.0 : 2.5 - 10 ( 0.000241%) 2.5 : 3.0 - 8 ( 0.000193%) |
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0.25x0.25 | u | Maximum difference = 7.823715 Minimum difference = -6.886246 Mean absolute difference = 0.206354 Median absolute difference = 0.107925 Standard deviation = 0.368593 RMS of differences = 0.368593 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 47.241% < 0.25 = 76.027% < 0.50 = 90.373% < 1.00 = 97.323% | -8.0 : -7.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -7.0 : -6.0 - 12 ( 0.001156%) -6.0 : -5.0 - 13 ( 0.001252%) -5.0 : -4.0 - 76 ( 0.007320%) -4.0 : -3.0 - 370 ( 0.035637%) -3.0 : -2.0 - 1636 ( 0.157574%) -2.0 : -1.0 - 11706 ( 1.127485%) -1.0 : 0.0 - 503796 ( 48.524041%) 0.0 : 1.0 - 506646 ( 48.798544%) 1.0 : 2.0 - 11704 ( 1.127292%) 2.0 : 3.0 - 1689 ( 0.162679%) 3.0 : 4.0 - 408 ( 0.039297%) 4.0 : 5.0 - 135 ( 0.013003%) 5.0 : 6.0 - 33 ( 0.003178%) 6.0 : 7.0 - 12 ( 0.001156%) 7.0 : 8.0 - 4 ( 0.000385%) | | |
v | Maximum difference = 9.905029 Minimum difference = -7.118408 Mean absolute difference = 0.214605 Median absolute difference = 0.116943 Standard deviation = 0.366808 RMS of differences = 0.366808 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 44.908% < 0.25 = 74.036% < 0.50 = 89.647% < 1.00 = 97.294% | -10.0 : -9.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -9.0 : -8.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -8.0 : -7.0 - 1 ( 0.000096%) -7.0 : -6.0 - 5 ( 0.000482%) -6.0 : -5.0 - 14 ( 0.001348%) -5.0 : -4.0 - 74 ( 0.007127%) -4.0 : -3.0 - 268 ( 0.025813%) -3.0 : -2.0 - 1461 ( 0.140719%) -2.0 : -1.0 - 12227 ( 1.177666%) -1.0 : 0.0 - 503768 ( 48.521344%) 0.0 : 1.0 - 506380 ( 48.772923%) 1.0 : 2.0 - 12235 ( 1.178437%) 2.0 : 3.0 - 1475 ( 0.142067%) 3.0 : 4.0 - 263 ( 0.025331%) 4.0 : 5.0 - 56 ( 0.005394%) 5.0 : 6.0 - 7 ( 0.000674%) 6.0 : 7.0 - 2 ( 0.000193%) 7.0 : 8.0 - 1 ( 0.000096%) 8.0 : 9.0 - 2 ( 0.000193%) 9.0 : 10.0 - 1 ( 0.000096%) |
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0.5x0.5 | u | Maximum difference = 10.179855 Minimum difference = -9.166824 Mean absolute difference = 0.365231 Median absolute difference = 0.206863 Standard deviation = 0.622578 RMS of differences = 0.622578 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 28.037% < 0.25 = 56.549% < 0.50 = 78.538% < 1.00 = 92.510% | -11.0 : -10.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -10.0 : -9.0 - 1 ( 0.000385%) -9.0 : -8.0 - 6 ( 0.002308%) -8.0 : -7.0 - 12 ( 0.004617%) -7.0 : -6.0 - 35 ( 0.013466%) -6.0 : -5.0 - 57 ( 0.021930%) -5.0 : -4.0 - 151 ( 0.058095%) -4.0 : -3.0 - 425 ( 0.163512%) -3.0 : -2.0 - 1506 ( 0.579409%) -2.0 : -1.0 - 7510 ( 2.889351%) -1.0 : 0.0 - 119503 ( 45.976839%) 0.0 : 1.0 - 120948 ( 46.532779%) 1.0 : 2.0 - 7476 ( 2.876270%) 2.0 : 3.0 - 1527 ( 0.587488%) 3.0 : 4.0 - 445 ( 0.171207%) 4.0 : 5.0 - 177 ( 0.068098%) 5.0 : 6.0 - 88 ( 0.033857%) 6.0 : 7.0 - 27 ( 0.010388%) 7.0 : 8.0 - 15 ( 0.005771%) 8.0 : 9.0 - 5 ( 0.001924%) 9.0 : 10.0 - 5 ( 0.001924%) 10.0 : 11.0 - 1 ( 0.000385%) | | |
v | Maximum difference = 11.994492 Minimum difference = -10.408829 Mean absolute difference = 0.368936 Median absolute difference = 0.218124 Standard deviation = 0.607771 RMS of differences = 0.607773 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 26.601% < 0.25 = 54.811% < 0.50 = 77.828% < 1.00 = 92.495% | -12.0 : -11.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -11.0 : -10.0 - 1 ( 0.000385%) -10.0 : -9.0 - 4 ( 0.001539%) -9.0 : -8.0 - 2 ( 0.000769%) -8.0 : -7.0 - 11 ( 0.004232%) -7.0 : -6.0 - 25 ( 0.009618%) -6.0 : -5.0 - 45 ( 0.017313%) -5.0 : -4.0 - 119 ( 0.045783%) -4.0 : -3.0 - 409 ( 0.157356%) -3.0 : -2.0 - 1460 ( 0.561711%) -2.0 : -1.0 - 7676 ( 2.953216%) -1.0 : 0.0 - 120111 ( 46.210757%) 0.0 : 1.0 - 120302 ( 46.284241%) 1.0 : 2.0 - 7701 ( 2.962835%) 2.0 : 3.0 - 1473 ( 0.566713%) 3.0 : 4.0 - 357 ( 0.137350%) 4.0 : 5.0 - 137 ( 0.052709%) 5.0 : 6.0 - 52 ( 0.020006%) 6.0 : 7.0 - 24 ( 0.009234%) 7.0 : 8.0 - 7 ( 0.002693%) 8.0 : 9.0 - 2 ( 0.000769%) 9.0 : 10.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) 10.0 : 11.0 - 1 ( 0.000385%) 11.0 : 12.0 - 1 ( 0.000385%) |
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1.0x1.0 | u | Maximum difference = 12.553375 Minimum difference = -11.167328 Mean absolute difference = 0.576833 Median absolute difference = 0.346344 Standard deviation = 0.950006 RMS of differences = 0.950007 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 17.397% < 0.25 = 38.972% < 0.50 = 63.338% < 1.00 = 84.401% | -13.0 : -12.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -12.0 : -11.0 - 2 ( 0.003069%) -11.0 : -10.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -10.0 : -9.0 - 4 ( 0.006139%) -9.0 : -8.0 - 8 ( 0.012277%) -8.0 : -7.0 - 18 ( 0.027624%) -7.0 : -6.0 - 29 ( 0.044506%) -6.0 : -5.0 - 57 ( 0.087477%) -5.0 : -4.0 - 152 ( 0.233272%) -4.0 : -3.0 - 300 ( 0.460405%) -3.0 : -2.0 - 862 ( 1.322897%) -2.0 : -1.0 - 3648 ( 5.598527%) -1.0 : 0.0 - 27096 ( 41.583794%) 0.0 : 1.0 - 27900 ( 42.817680%) 1.0 : 2.0 - 3625 ( 5.563229%) 2.0 : 3.0 - 870 ( 1.335175%) 3.0 : 4.0 - 323 ( 0.495703%) 4.0 : 5.0 - 120 ( 0.184162%) 5.0 : 6.0 - 72 ( 0.110497%) 6.0 : 7.0 - 31 ( 0.047575%) 7.0 : 8.0 - 14 ( 0.021486%) 8.0 : 9.0 - 12 ( 0.018416%) 9.0 : 10.0 - 9 ( 0.013812%) 10.0 : 11.0 - 6 ( 0.009208%) 11.0 : 12.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) 12.0 : 13.0 - 2 ( 0.003069%) |
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v | Maximum difference = 11.211227 Minimum difference = -15.431351 Mean absolute difference = 0.569787 Median absolute difference = 0.359665 Standard deviation = 0.903314 RMS of differences = 0.903316 Percentage of points with absolute difference < 0.10 = 16.687% < 0.25 = 37.482% < 0.50 = 62.307% < 1.00 = 84.652% | -16.0 : -15.0 - 1 ( 0.001535%) -15.0 : -14.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -14.0 : -13.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -13.0 : -12.0 - 2 ( 0.003069%) -12.0 : -11.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) -11.0 : -10.0 - 3 ( 0.004604%) -10.0 : -9.0 - 3 ( 0.004604%) -9.0 : -8.0 - 5 ( 0.007673%) -8.0 : -7.0 - 7 ( 0.010743%) -7.0 : -6.0 - 22 ( 0.033763%) -6.0 : -5.0 - 59 ( 0.090546%) -5.0 : -4.0 - 114 ( 0.174954%) -4.0 : -3.0 - 258 ( 0.395948%) -3.0 : -2.0 - 822 ( 1.261510%) -2.0 : -1.0 - 3659 ( 5.615408%) -1.0 : 0.0 - 27178 ( 41.709638%) 0.0 : 1.0 - 27981 ( 42.941989%) 1.0 : 2.0 - 3719 ( 5.707489%) 2.0 : 3.0 - 824 ( 1.264579%) 3.0 : 4.0 - 309 ( 0.474217%) 4.0 : 5.0 - 108 ( 0.165746%) 5.0 : 6.0 - 47 ( 0.072130%) 6.0 : 7.0 - 21 ( 0.032228%) 7.0 : 8.0 - 9 ( 0.013812%) 8.0 : 9.0 - 4 ( 0.006139%) 9.0 : 10.0 - 2 ( 0.003069%) 10.0 : 11.0 - 2 ( 0.003069%) 11.0 : 12.0 - 1 ( 0.001535%) 12.0 : 13.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) 13.0 : 14.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) 14.0 : 15.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) 15.0 : 16.0 - 0 ( 0.000000%) |
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